@Anonymous
Yes; you can by going to the Material Browser add/copy/create your own library of custom materials and if both computers are NOT on the same network; you can save the adsklib file on a USB stick and use it on any other project and/or computer.
Option 2:
- if on the same network; you can open both projects (otherwise transfer your project to the new computer)
- go to Manage>Settings>Transfer Project Standards and select "Material";
- and transfer the material from 1 project to the other
However, it is rumored/said that not ALL custom Material transfer with the project they were added in. So the above Option 1 is a more safe and guaranteed way. You can try it though