Appears there is a difference in behavior between AutoCAD 2021 and 2022 when it comes to layout views showing up in the sheet set manager. In this particular case I'm not actually placing a view from a model drawing but rather creating a view in the layout. These are simple schedules and don't really need to be placed like a typical plan or section/detail from modelspace of a resource drawing.
AutoCAD 2021 you can create a view in a layout that is member of a sheet set and that view will appears just as if you've placed a view on the sheet via traditional methods. In AutoCAD 2022 the views fail to show up.
Why?
Since you're evidently not familiar with how to create a view...
Let me know if there are other details that you require before diagnosing the problem.
Thanks for sharing the detailed steps you used: that works fine here in R2022.1 in Win10Pro for me as it always has in R2021.1.1, no magic, tested it in 3 separate projects to confirm.
Tested it on my laptop with another project located on a remote server, and it seems to work fine there too in R2022.1 in Win10Pro.
All I can find in the forums for this type of error was a user who reported the problem went away the next day, so that's no help to you today if it's still happening. There might be others that are older but nothing relevant so far.
You'll probably need to start a support ticket through your Accounts Page, select the option for a call-back, so someone there can dig into your setup and find out why it's not working for you https://knowledge.autodesk.com/customer-service/account-management/users-software/support-options
HTH
Can't find what you're looking for? Ask the community or share your knowledge.