Hi @chris,
First, remember that there is an Inventor Customization forum that is probably a better place to post ilogic and programming questions :
http://forums.autodesk.com/t5/Autodesk-Inventor-Customization/bd-p/120
Second, understand that there are straight ilogic functions and then there are API (application programming interface) calls that we often use with ilogic to go beyond the simple set of iLogic functions. I mention this because most of the iLogic functions are intended to work with the current active document, and/or to reach through the current active document into it's referenced files.
So with all of that in mind for the future, to get back to your question, the answer is yes, if we know the path and filename of the file we want to access, then we can open it into the session of Inventor and write to it's iprops, and then save and close it.
Here is a quick example that combines ilogic functions and API calls to open a file invisibly from a hard coded file path and name, then shows the existing part number, gets a new part number, and saves and closed the file. More typically we'd determine path and file name more dynamically, but sometimes it might be static like this simple example.
I hope this helps.
Best of luck to you in all of your Inventor pursuits,
Curtis
http://inventortrenches.blogspot.com
sFolder = "C:\TEMP\"
sName = "A100-02.ipt"
sFile = sFolder & sName
'open the file, false opens the file without generating the graphics
oDoc = ThisApplication.Documents.Open(sFile, False)
'get part number iProp
oPN = iProperties.Value(oDoc, "Project", "Part Number")
'show existing part number
MessageBox.Show(oPN, "iLogic")
'get user input
oPN = InputBox("Enter new Part Number", "iogic", oPN)
'write user input to part number iProp
iProperties.Value(oDoc, "Project", "Part Number") = oPN
'close doc, True saves the doc on close
oDoc.Close(True)