Hello @p_krola
The send to fusion interop plugin will only send solid model geometry to fusion, sketches are not supported. Surprised I couldn't find more information about this on the inventor help documentation.
You definitely can do CAM in Inventor, we use it quite a lot. Having the toolpaths reference the sketch geometry and solid faces is really powerful. You can adjust and update your model and all the toolpaths can be regenerated at the new size.
Having said that, fusion is where all the development is happening for the CAM. While inventor CAM isn't getting much attention, it still has pretty decent capabilities. For us the benefits of having the CAD and the CAM in the same program (Inventor) far outweigh the benefits of having more advanced toolpath strategies in Fusion. Most of what we are doing is pretty basic 3 axis or 3+2 toolpaths.
There are other ways to get your data into fusion. We publish stp files to the desktop connector drive via iLogic and they get synched to fusion. Or you could upload directly through the data panel in Fusion.