Yes, can be done with Pattern, but it is so convoluted I cannot recommend it.
Fusion is so unintuitive; your method would be likely less drama.
Required 3 major workarounds to make it work.
1 Pattern on Path - cannot select a single entity for the Path, has to be the chain of articles.
2 Pattern on Path - cannot flip pattern direction.
3 Path has to be trimmed to avoid the known start position anomaly.
I made a Surface patch of the groove shape (rectangle) oversized because there is no Sketch Pattern on Path.
Pattern these on Path - but I found that Fusion was sending the pattern in the wrong direction
(because I drew the curve left to right and wanted the pattern to go the same way - no way Jose!)
and has no flip option.
This was after I found that Pattern on a Path selects a chain, not individual curves, so had to make a copy path sketch to eliminate the chained Path.
Means I had to move the patch to the other end of the Path.

Revolve the main body.
Revolve the grooves selecting all the patch bodies as the profiles and use Cut.

Ends up the same as one revolve for your method, depends on how tedious your sketch was.
Might help...