What are you doing? If you just create a custom AOV and don't set up anything to write to that AOV, it will be blank.
Thanks Stephen, I guess that is the part I can't seem to figure out. How do I write an object to that AOV? I ultimately want to work with lightobjects (like 'light selects' in vray). Like this tutorial: https://ddankhaziportfolio.wordpress.com/2017/04/26/light-groups-in-arnold-5/
For that, you need to move to Arnold 5
In general, you can either assign a default shader to a custom AOV, or you use the aov write color/float shaders in your shading trees.
Thanks Stephen. Just to be sure, this suggestion below only works for Arnold 5?
'In general, you can either assign a default shader to a custom AOV, or you use the aov write color/float shaders in your shading trees.'
For working with light group in arnold 4 you need alShaders, only alSurface supports lightgroup in a4, but they are not very practical, so better upgrade to Arnold 5
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