Hello @Anonymous,
Could you try switching renderers to see if it crashes with say, scanline when you open the mat editor?
The first thing I would suggest is to uninstall Vray and see if the problem is gone. I know you need Vray (and so do I) but the biggest problem with this is we need to eliminate plugins as a possible source of the problems. It may be that W10 is blocking some of those .dll's. The best way I know how to diagnose problems is to remove plugins and test, install a plugin and test, etc. It's a pain but it's necessary. The problem is that Vray is such a huge installation that even disabling it doesn't fully remove it.
I don't think Vray is the cause, but maybe windows blocking some of the .dlls. This is totally a guess, I admit that openly. It was working before but now crashes on 2015, 2016, and 2017 then we know there is a configuration, system, security, or hardware problem of some kind. With any luck, getting to the bottom of it may also help with some of your other issues.
How many monitors are plugged into your graphics card? Does the problem persist with fewer monitors? If it does not, does the monitor you unplugged have it's own driver or is it using a generic Windows driver? Any kind of extra information would help a lot here. Thank you!
Last but not least... those lovely event viewer logs. Anything new? Hardware failing perhaps? Your crash logs say 'ntdll' which can be generic term for "Windows" or 'plugins' as the cause of your crash. (As well as a few logs with the ogdevices.)
EDIT: Max 2015, 2016, and 2017 were reinstalled, it wasn't by you or your IT department? I don't see how the software could reinstall itself automatically. It's not even possible, so what happened in Windows? Was there a Windows update? Maybe you got a new image from your IT department?
Best Regards,