For anyone else who is having this problem, I eventually located some information from an Autodesk University course called Autodesk Consulting Add-on Utilities: COBie Toolkit and BIM Coordinator Tool (Miroslav Schonauer and Rich Mitrenga).
 
Here is a quote from the slide deck: 
"
- AC Technical Consultants and Customer Success Managers were consistently reporting customers having problems spatially coordinating RVT models in C3D
 - With new C3D 2012 features enabling non-corridor entities being visible in cross-sections, it became very important to import full Revit 3D DWG models precisely in C3D models.
 
NOTE/CAVEATS regarding Revit’s ADSK-format export to Civil 3D:
- Full 3D DWG export should be used for the above-described requirements.
 - The ADSK format export is still the main recommended workflow to get Revit models within Civil 3D, as it’s designed to produce more lightweight Revit shell, connection points, textures and BIM information.
 - ADSK format does however have some issues with locating the model L. Its hard-coded location feature is based on the *survey* point in Revit which shared coordinates do not set, so ADSK format does not get affected/fixed by the current tools."
 
In addition, it sounds like ADSK export will be removed from Revit 2019.  I recommend giving up on the ADSK format and just exporting 3D dwg files.