Dear Anders,
Thank you for clarifying.
Just about everything that is API accessible in the Revit database can also be accessed and explored using RevitLookup:
https://github.com/jeremytammik/RevitLookup
In some cases requiring slightly more convoluted combinations of API calls, more flexible and powerful tools such as the Revit Python shell might be required:
https://thebuildingcoder.typepad.com/blog/2013/11/intimate-revit-database-exploration-with-the-pytho...
Maybe the lines in the DWG are accessible individually somewhere within the linked file geometry, and the properties you require might be found in there.
Update: on re-reading your question, I see that you are asking about exploring information on the lines in the linked `DWG file before it is linked in at all, and possibly import individual line information.
Obviously the Revit API cannot help you at all with that.
However, the AutoCAD .NET API can help you very much with that. You could use it to open the external DWG file, read its data, determine what lines yu need and import their information into Revit. As opposed to the Revit API, the AutoCAD .NET API can also be used without a running end user AutoCAD session.
Best regards,
Jeremy