"But your statement implies that the round tool was designed by Autodesk for one and only one process. To round the corners of the cube object."
I'm sorry, but could you point me to the part of my reply where I implied that? Because all I said, is that his round tool only work with the cube PRIMITIVE because it is the only PRIMITIVE that has separated nurbs surfaces in it. Which I mentioned because of your comment :
"I attempted to repeat the process using a basic NURBS cylinder only to get the same error. " ... "It now only seems to work when using with basic NURBS cubes."
The NURBS cylinder comes in one single node, the NURBS cube doesn't. It sounds pretty much like you were confused about why there is a difference, you have to admit that.
But I'll admit, I accidentally overread that you were aware that it needs to be two separate objects, the quite vague description about what you were doing with cylinders and cubes kind of overshadowed that...
So you mentioned, that this worked in an earlier version of the model, but it doesn't now. Do you know what the difference between the model then and the model now might could be?
Have you introduced any history nodes?
Have you comined some of the surfaces?
Have you added the shape of one surface under the translate of another?
Have you tried deleting history before running the round command? Maybe the loft surface history nodes are causing a problem.
What edge did you previously successfully run the command on and what may be different to the one you are trying it on now?
Also, could you upload your file as a zipped .ma and tell me the indexes of the isoparms you want to round?
If it really is a corruption problem with your app or prefs, I should be able to do it without a problem.