According to the MEL documentation -stampProfile can take the values:
"gaussian", "soft", "solid" and "square"
However "soft" triggers an error. Since at lease Maya 2014 "poly" is the correct value it seems:
artUserPaintCtx -edit -stampProfile "poly" "artUserPaintContext"; //<- correct
artUserPaintCtx -edit -stampProfile "soft" "artUserPaintContext"; //<- error