For those who are now on Windows 10 Creator's Update (1703), I would recommend trying to reinstall your graphics driver and seeing if Maya launches without issue. OS updates like this can invalidate certain things (all too common on Linux) and a quick refresh could help. If it doesn't, try an uninstall/reinstall of Maya. If neither of those work, we'll have to wait on Autodesk.
For users who haven't updated yet, I would recommend (if possible) editing your Group Policy settings to prevent Windows from automatically updating your system. This is only applicable to Professional, Enterprise, Education, and Server users of Windows 10. To do this, perform the following steps:
1. Open up the Group Policy Editor. This can be done by either searching for it or by doing 'Windows_Key + R' and typing `gpedit.msc`.
2. Navigate to Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > Windows Update > Configure Automatic Updates
3. In the CAU window, switch the setting to 'Enabled' and choose the configuration of your choice. I personally chose '2 - Notifiy for Download and Notify for Install'. It's more manual but more reassuring.
4. Click Apply then OK, and close the GPE. I would recommend rebooting just to make sure.
This has been reported not to work for some users on the Anniversary Update (1607), but it seems to be working fine for me.
The last 'safe' update for Windows 10 1607 is KB4015217. You can find more info here: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4015217/windows-10-update-kb4015217