I can confirm that Maya 2017 includes both the Shape Editor and the Pose Editor.
As far as I'm aware, the only feature that has been removed from Maya 2017 is the Mental Ray Renderer. However, if you have a standalone Licence of Mental Ray, I believe you can still install Mental Ray and the Maya to Mental Ray plugin separately.
What they mean by foreground processing is that you can render using the Arnold Renderer (without watermarks) from within Maya - ie single frame renders. You can also render image sequences from within Maya using a newly added Render Sequence tool. This is different from Batch Rendering, in that it renders all the images to the single-frame render view, as if you had just sat there and clicked render yourself for every frame.
So as long as you remain within Maya, you can use the full version of the Arnold Renderer.
However, you cannot 'out-of-the-box' batch render using the Arnold Renderer (as you get a watermark). You need to purchase a separate, standalone Arnold Render licence to do this. This therefore means that you cannot render without Maya open, nor can you write a batch render script to initiate renders from multiple scenes in one go. All you can do now is open each scene yourself, and render one sequence at a time from within Maya.
Unless you previously used Mental Ray Satellite Rendering, or wrote batch render scripts, you wont really notice a change in your workflow.
Hope this clears things up!