Interesting. I tried a few things too, but none of them worked. I though that if the size of the cylinder face was controlled at the assembly level, such as an extrude-cut circle where the circle was projected from a hole in another part in the assembly, that would cause that feature to be adaptive, and therefore the ThreadFeature which was based on that adaptive cylinder face would also need to be adaptive, but it was not. I even tried creating a 'bolted connection' (Design tab > Bolted Connection tool), which I do not really utilize that much, but that did not work either (creates locked HoleFeature in part).
Now I suspect that this Property named 'Adaptive' is just there because the ThreadFeature object Type is 'derived' from the generic PartFeature object Type, which also has that Property. Since that is obviously the case here, I am not sure if this Property in a ThreadFeature is relevant/useful. It does not seem like any of their specifications can be based on 'dependencies' such as From/To/Between type faces. Its location, diameter, length, and such are all based on the cylinder face. There is a Parameter for its Depth and one for its Offset, but the other specs all seem to be internal (saved within its ThreadInfo), and its available options are likely sourced from the external Excel file. Maybe if its Depth or Offset parameter's were 'driven' by a Parameter that is derived into the part, it might make it adaptive, but I'm not sure.
Did you have a specific purpose for this functionality in mind? If so, maybe one of the folks at Autodesk would know more about it.
Wesley Crihfield

(Not an Autodesk Employee)