A code like this should work:
Dim oPDoc As PartDocument = ThisApplication.ActiveDocument
Dim oPDef As PartComponentDefinition = oPDoc.ComponentDefinition
Dim oObj As Object = ThisApplication.CommandManager.Pick(SelectionFilterEnum.kPartVertexFilter, "Select A Vertex.")
If oObj Is Nothing Then
MsgBox("Selection was canceled. Exiting.", vbOKOnly, " ")
Return
End If
If oObj.Type.ToString <> "67120432" Then
MsgBox("Item selected was not a Vertex. Exiting.", vbOKOnly, " ")
Return
End If
Dim oVertex As Vertex = oObj
Dim oRefKey() As Byte
Dim oKeyContext As Integer = 1
Try
oVertex.GetReferenceKey(oRefKey)
Catch oEx As Exception
MsgBox("The GetReferenceKey Sub failed." & vbCrLf & _
"The Error Message is as follows:" & vbCrLf & _
oEx.Message & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & _
"And the Source was as follows:" & vbCrLf & _
oEx.Source & vbCrLf & vbCrLf & _
"And the StackTrace was as follows:" & vbCrLf & _
oEx.StackTrace, vbOKOnly + vbExclamation, " ")
End Try
Although, in some of my tests, it returned the following error message.

Wesley Crihfield

(Not an Autodesk Employee)