This was posted on the general forum already and commented on by Autodesk, as viable in theory, but not simple.
https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/inventor-forum/refresh-only-selected-files/m-p/10327505#M828278
To recap here; without using Vault and with multiple users accessing the same assemblies, "File, Manage, Refresh" is a common practise. However, Inventor will refresh ALL open documents. In cases where we have a top level assembly open with 10s of thousands of parts, the refresh can take a while. Sometimes we only need to refresh the assembly we're working on.
For efficiency, I would like to see the option to 'Refresh Active Document Only'.