Hi! This ability to run Inventor in a browser is not in a form of released products. Inventor is a Windows-based application, running on Windows (Win 10 at the moment). There are many technologies of virtualizing a Windows-based application. Essentially, you host the application or the entire OS+applications in the cloud. Then you access the application through a web browser.
On Inventor Feedback Community, we posted updated in-development builds on a browser-based environment (accessible through a browser and internet connection). It is meant for community participants to try the builds and give us feedback. It is not meant for production purpose.
We do have customers leveraging virtualized environments and access Autodesk products virtually. But, such services are not offered by Autodesk. They deploy either by themselves or with a partner under Autodesk's agreement.
May I ask why you want to access Inventor via Chromebook?
Many thanks!