mklink /d C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Autodesk D:\PROGRAMS\Autodesk
This is actually the only possibility that currently works (on 16th January 2025) using the regular version "Fusion" which still does not allow to do a "custom install" from the "Products and Services" panel.
It is unfortunate that Autodesk still hasn't provided a solution to a request like this after so much time, especially when it is well known that with large electronics designs (like the ones I work with), the folder in AppData/Local grows to exceed more than 20GB easily. For some people with laptops that have SSDs with limited capacity in the Windows C: partition, it is sometimes impossible to free up that much space.
I see other similar requests where almost the same response has been given: https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/fusion-support/how-can-i-move-fusion-360-to-my-d-drive/td-p/7573714
As a suggestion, other manufacturers provide "portable" installations (such as Microsoft does with Visual Studio https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/editor/portable), which allows the creation of a "data" folder to store all the contents of "AppData/Local" and the "extensions" too. This way, you could move Fusion 360 between computers or between drives on the same device (with larger capacity). I mention this just as a suggestion, in case Autodesk gets a lightbulb moment and comes up with an elegant and convenient alternative to support this functionality of installing Fusion 360 on a different drive.
I hope this suggestion doesn't fall on deaf ears, and that someday Autodesk provides a real alternative to installing all the AppData/Local content on the C: drive.