For releasing an Item, you have to create a CO and then you can change the Lifecycle from the Item.
It doesn't matter if this is "Under Development" or "Production". Item Lifecycle can only be changed with CO. This controlls, that affected Items are properly changed and they are under control revision.
However, Busniess is busy.
It can happen, that you addd Task to Users, and add Items. Tasks can be controlled with Condition and Validation Scripts. If something is pending, a specific Workflow is not possible.
But now, it is pssible to go forward until the end without having a Lifeceyle on the Item. If you now "Release" the CO, you well get an Message that is usless for the User.
It failed; yes I can see it. The process is not going forward. Not very helpful. Only as Admin you can see in the Error Log, that it has failed because Lifecyle is missing.
It would be helpful, if a Workflow transition can check if a Lifecyle is null.
User training is good, a smart Workflow checkt would be better.