"So there's still absolutely some sort of glitch that means this only works randomly. I can't replicate the glitch currently. Possibly some sort of caching issue or cloud outage that was preventing it from working earlier?"
No. It has nothing to do with cloud outages or caching, nor is it random. None of those operations have anything to do with the cloud at all. That processing is all done locally. Whether you can restructure a sketch into another component is completely deterministic, and depends entirely on dependencies between the sketch and other components in the design. I'll try to come up with a simple case later that illustrates this.
"I used SOLIDWORKS for many years and NX before that. They had bugs, sure, but I don't think there was a single time that it was bad enough to cause mental anguish. Fusion does that almost every day."
That is at least partly because you are using Internal components, a feature which neither Solidworks nor NX has. Just as a reminder: You can use Fusion exactly as you used Solidworks - building up parts that are entirely self-contained, and assembling them into sub-assemblies and assemblies contained in separate designs. I will not claim that there are no bugs in this "external only" workflow, but my guess is that you would not have these kinds of frustrations if you chose that modeling style. There is even a new feature, which I think is still in preview, but is available, that will simply constrain the UI to make it impossible to even create local components, if you choose, and make you declare up front whether a design is a "part" or "assembly". However, in my opinion, the ability to create components without creating a separate design, and the flexibility of not having to declare part or assembly up front is one of Fusion's super powers. Using this, though, does come with some complexity. The ownership of things like sketches, features, work geometry, etc is one of them. This is much less clear-cut than if you have things nicely separated into different designs. And yes, definitely, restructuring things when using Internal components is one area where Fusion could use some work. I'd love to see it get better at that.
"Explain how to move only the extrude (but NOT the sketch, since the sketch will still be used as the basis for another component later) into the component"
No, there is no way to do that. The ownership of features is a bit of a strange concept in Fusion to begin with, and one of those areas where I would like to see improvement. In your simple case, what I would like to be able to do is:
- reorder the component creation feature to before the extrude (necessary because you cannot extrude into a component that does not yet exist. Remember: the timeline is really like a time machine. Things happen in the order that they appear in the timeline). You can do this, today, in your simple example. Again, that might be limited in more complex examples, because of dependencies (you cannot reorder a feature before another feature on which it is dependent)
- roll the timeline back before the extrude. You can do this today
- activate the newly-created component. You can do this today
- roll the timeline past the extrude. You can do this today
- edit the extrude, and thereby change the target component (because it is now active). This is what you cannot do today, unfortunately
Hope this helps to explain things a bit.
Jeff Strater
Engineering Director