Fusion doesn't currently support the ability to create a curve given an equation. However, using the API you can draw a curve that approximates an equation. The Python code below is a simple example. Basically, you code your equation in Python and use it to calculate points along the curve defined by your equation. You can then create a spline in Fusion that fits through the points. In your case you mentioned epicycloid hypocycloid curves. You would do the same thing but you would also want to break the calculation up so each lobe is calculated seperately and created as a single spline. If you tried to create them all as a single spline it would smooth out the cusps.
import adsk.core, adsk.fusion, traceback
import math
def run(context):
ui = None
try:
app = adsk.core.Application.get()
ui = app.userInterface
des = app.activeProduct
root = des.rootComponent
sketch = root.sketches.add(root.xYConstructionPlane)
pnts = adsk.core.ObjectCollection.create()
lowX = -3
highX = 3
num = 20
for val in range(0,num):
x = ((highX - lowX) * (val/(num-1))) + lowX
y = x * x + 3
pnts.add(adsk.core.Point3D.create(x,y,0))
sketch.sketchCurves.sketchFittedSplines.add(pnts)
except:
if ui:
ui.messageBox('Failed:\n{}'.format(traceback.format_exc()))