Just adding another note to this case for those out there who are troubleshooting this vexing issue.
I had to reinstall Civil 3D recently, and I ran into the same issue with Object Viewer crashing the program. Note, I had fixed this issue a few months ago with new driver installation per the original post (NVIDIA GTX 1070).
Anyways, I thought I'd try to install a new version of the video card drivers, but that didn't work. I went through a series of troubleshooting approaches, including resetting profiles within regedit and verifying all Windows system files through command prompt. None of those worked.
What seems to have worked, at least for a day now, was toggling the hardware acceleration. I first turned it off completely and that brought me into object viewer without crashing. I then went in and adjusted to each of the mods for 2d Display Settings.
I am now able to use the most advanced settings after toggling randomly in hardware acceleration.
Hopefully this helps those out there who are still having issues. Adding onto the randomness of this problem; when I first reset my profile (or reinstall C3D) I have been able to preview fine in Object Viewer for a few minutes within a session. It then stops working altogether and crashes -- and won't work again even after restarting the program.
Good luck to those still searching for an answer! Hope this helps somebody out there.