Which version of AutoCAD do you use 'dtext' and 'text' have produced just text since about 2000 apparently, the only option I could think of would be to use the 'list' command, by selecting the text items either by mouse clicking or by some selection method (qselect, selectsimilar, etc)
The list command will send a copy of the properties to the command line history where you can copy that information and then paste it into excel. And in excel using filters will let you quickly find just the text content for each item.
How useful that would be to you depends on whether you do though just need to list all the text items or whether you also need other information to go with that text.
You can get the text values out of AutoCAD using this method in a matter of minutes but it does take some setting up and trying to describe the process without knowing how you need the results, or indeed how the text is laid out is difficult. 'Text' covering multiple lines is still seen as separate items by AutoCAD.
Try selecting a couple of text items and run the 'list' command then press F2 to see the command history see if this gives you the sort of information you can use.