You can change the active Layer with the CLAYER command.
To use it with a button in the ribbon or keyboard-shortcut, you need a macro.
Example:
^C^C_CLAYER;0;
This changes the active layer to 0.
If you have more than just numbers as layernames, you need to put the layername in quotations. Example (i have AM_-layers for using AutoCAD Mechanical...therefore...)
^C^C_CLAYER;"AM_4";
This changes the active layer to AM_4.
The macro can be assigned in the CUI (customer user interface).
There in the bottom-left block you can create a new command, rename it and put in the macro with the desired layername.
To use it as keyboard-shortcut:
Now in the list of the top-left block, expand the part named Keyboard....uhm...something (-shortcut commands?). Below this should now be "Keyboard shortcuts". Drag and drop the new command from the bottom-left block to here.
Now at the right side of the menu, you can assign a keyboard-shortcut. (use the [...]-box at the right)
Assigning it to a button to the ribbon is also possible in the CUI, but that's out of my experience.
Oh, by the way...it only works, if the layer is already a part of the drawing. If the layer isn't in the drawing (just activated once - no lines have to be used), it returns an error message.