This is happening to me as well, but a bit differently (might add a new perspective to the problem):
It happens only with ONE of my files. When opening the file max crashes sometimes, other times it opens normally but crashes after a few clicks and/or camera movements. And sometimes THIS problem happens, Max does not crash but the viewport problems start, just like everyone said, it freezes, turns black, but can still select objects and save and things like that...
I think it's the geometry. At one point, when it didn't crash, I converted to poly and exported and fbx of some of the parts. When re-importing them in a empty and clean new Max window, the problem persisted. I can't 'merge' all the shapes into a new scene since it'll crash or glitch the viewport as well, some objects can be merged tough.
Don't know if I can share this file so you can test it out but here it is: https://we.tl/sL66OiQCQT
Windows 10
GTX 1060 3gb (Gigabyte)
3ds Max 2017 SP3 (I started making that file in 2016, the problem was there so I tried changing to 2017 to see if that fixed it)