Hello @Anonymous,
In the future please make a new thread for each issue. Thank you very much for that. I'll do my best to answer your questions.
1) This viewport behavior is a bug fix. This is how Max worked in the past. It makes a lot of sense for a scene where the render view is locked and it needs to be passed to other artists. If someone were to change the camera view to top and then send it out, the top view would render because it replaced the camera view. Most people I know in production are happy about this.
2) You can change the UI colors to anything you want. If you don't like white, change it. Customize->Customize User Interface->Colors->General UI Colors->Text. If you don't like the bold nature, check out MS ClearType settings.
3) There are many ways to move an object exactly 5.3 meters. The easiest is shown below. Set your display units to meters first.

4) You can rotate an object around a certain point the same exact way, just set the pivot where you want to rotate around and then right click the rotation button and type in your degrees. It's worked like this for as long as I can remember.
5) You can make a copy of an item with 3 copies evenly between them with the Array tool. I have more information here. Use the right side where it says "Totals". You do have to nudge the slider a bit as the spacing can change minutely, holding down ALT helps there. All in all, simple to use.
6) Attach List is a bit slow, you have a point here.
7) Applying materials from a library that are multi-subs does work. I just tested on 2014 and 2017 just in case I wasn't aware of an issue. All fine. I have no idea what this is about, I can't repro this issue and I tried for a while. Corrupt users settings?
8) For me, the horizontal layer manager setup is saved between sessions with no issues. It is saved by default, but for some reason not on your machine. User permissions most likely. For layers, my layers are never expanded and it's not saving between sessions, so that is a valid point.
9) I don't really understand what you're asking in post 7. Couldn't you just select those Mat ID's and just change them? I must be misunderstanding.
10) You cannot delete the currently selected layer in 3ds Max. To delete a layer, make sure it's not the current layer.
11) If you cannot rename a layer, it's probably because you have more than just that layer selected. (Such as select Children.) Make sure only the layer is selected.
12) Select by name. Scene Explorer is a bit slow, I prefer the selection floater. Old school, but works great and is very fast. Chances are the problem is that you have thousands of objects in your scene, still fast with selection floater.
That covers most of your issues here. Please create a new thread for each issue in the future. I am happy to help you in any way possible, one issue at a time.
Best Regards,