You should be able to use ElementIntersectsSolid with a slightly enlarged solid.
If your beam is aligned with one of the cardinal axes, you could even use a BoundingBoxIntersectsFilter instead, which is a quick filter. Just make the bounding box a bit bigger than the beam.
If worst comes to worst, you can also use the ReferenceIntersector to shoot rays from the beam to detect the neighbouring slab.
Finally, though, and best of all, we have an 11-year old solution to this very problem by The Building Coder:
https://thebuildingcoder.typepad.com/blog/2012/09/filter-for-touching-beams-using-solid-intersection...
Please let us know how you end up solving this in your specific case. Thank you!