Since you negate the condition. Navisworks will look for objects that passed the condition. So the IFC file itself (is also an object that does not have Element Name = Attente) passed that condition.
The logic in the selection tree, if you select the file itself, all the objects inside will be selected. So even if you find that the objects are not highlighted in the selection but the parent file (IFC) is still highlighted, all objects under that file are selected
Ok I understand now this point
Adding the condition Element > Name > Defined, you are not selecting several objects but filtering the objects.
Any objects that do not have an "Element" category with "Name" property will be filtered out in your find items or not be selected. Since the IFC does not have this, then it will be excluded from the selection. That's why it is very important to add this condition.
Ok but the ifc file has a lot of property which are the same than objects in the model (Element / name for example). It's very difficult to find a property which are not in the ifc file.
I try to use the same research that you want me to try:

When using "collection" property, the ifc file is not selected. Objects are not selected in the selection tree but still selected in the model because "2976", "default", ... are still highlighted.

The way to do research with the entire file is not useful at all when we want to research some proporties in the objects only...
Which property can I use to be sure that I can find it only in the objects? I can't find anything.