Hi!
I don't think there is a standart tool to do that in Maya.
If this is only about giving clothing from MD some thickness, I wrote a script for that a while back.
But it was only for my own workflow, so it is pretty limited and only works if you select all the faces of the object at the same time.
import maya.cmds as mc
def extrudeFlatObjBothDirections(thick = 0, tz = 0):
"""
Extrudes selected faces in both directions.
WARNING: only works properly if all polygons of object are selected
"""
sl = mc.ls(selection = True) or []
l = mc.ls(selection = True, fl = True) or []
ext = mc.polyExtrudeFacet(sl[0], kft = True, thickness = thick, ltz = tz, sma = 30, taper = 1, d = 1, ws = True)
mc.setAttr('{0}.reverseAllFaces'.format(ext[0]),1)
ext = mc.polyExtrudeFacet("{0}[{1}:{2}]".format(sl[0].split("[")[0],len(l), 2*len(l)-1), kft = True, thickness = thick, ltz =tz, sma = 30, taper = 1, d = 1, ws = True)
mc.setAttr('{0}.reverseAllFaces'.format(ext[0]),1)
extrudeFlatObjBothDirections(thick = 0, tz = 0.1)
the arg "thick" defines thickness and "tz" defines Translate Z, depending on the mesh one or the other will give you better results.
I hope this helps!