For me that worked up until a couple days ago - Sept 29 2015, when all of a sudden Maya just started to hang indefinitely on startup everytime. I tried doing a complete uninstall and then reinstalling to newest version - 2015 SP4, same thing. Running it with gdb produces the following backtrace, looks like the hang has something todo with the licence manager no longer getting a packet...
#0 0x00007fffe637c9a0 in nanosleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#1 0x00007fffe63adfe4 in usleep () from /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6
#2 0x00007fffebd66f38 in LMUPipeSession::waitForPacket(LMUPipePacket*, long) () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#3 0x00007fffebd615c5 in LMUPipeConduit::send(LMUPipePacket*, LMUPipePacket*, long) () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#4 0x00007fffebd5e5bb in LMUPipeNamedConduit::send(LMUPipePacket*, LMUPipePacket*, long) () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#5 0x00007fffebd60d7d in LMUPipeConduit::close(bool, bool, bool) () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#6 0x00007fffebd5e2da in LMUPipeNamedConduit::close(bool, bool, bool) () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#7 0x00007fffebd6010e in LMUPipeNamedConduit::~LMUPipeNamedConduit() () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#8 0x00007fffebd5fc13 in LMUPipeNamedConduit::connect(TStr const&, TStr const&, long) () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#9 0x00007fffebc6e076 in AdlmIntUtil::getLMUPipeConduit() () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#10 0x00007fffebc8cd9e in CAdlmIntSATSLicense::validateAndActivateLicense(adlmLICENSEINFO*, AdlmAct::LicenseStateSource&, bool) ()
from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#11 0x00007fffebc8ef04 in CAdlmIntSATSLicense::checkoutLicense(adlmPRODKEY const*, adlmPRODKEY const*, adlmBOOLEAN, adlmLICENSEINFO*) ()
from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#12 0x00007fffebc9d424 in CAdlmIntSATSSessionHandle::checkoutLicense(void*, adlmPRODKEY const*, adlmPRODKEY const*, adlmBOOLEAN, adlmLICENSEINFO*) ()
from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#13 0x00007fffebc92bcc in CAdlmIntLicenseMgr::checkoutLicense(void*, adlmPRODKEY const*, adlmPRODKEY const*, adlmBOOLEAN, adlmLICENSEINFO*) ()
from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#14 0x00007fffebc6bd1f in impoflldadtleonys () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libadlmint.so.9
#15 0x00007ffff675045f in madlm_product_request () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libFoundation.so
#16 0x00007ffff674c2e2 in kLatMotionSprite () from /usr/autodesk/maya2015-x64/lib/libFoundation.so
#17 0x000000000040dfe3 in appmain() ()
#18 0x0000000000420831 in main ()