iLogic is the best way to go, there's a lot of learning along the way, including computer code, but if built up the right way you can have all your options in a simple form then one or a few buttons will automate tedious configuration tasks. In my opinion it's the most powerful tool that Inventor comes with and it's a shame that a lot of schools don't teach it in a standard course.
To start with, take a look at the API Help Guide (Application Programming Interface):

To access iLogic in Inventor, just open a document and on your Ribbon go to Manage > iLogic and click iLogic Browser. Rules and Forms are only related to the document you have open, Global Forms and External Rules are always available no matter what file you have open, you just have to be careful about coding and consider every situation possible when using these.
Forms allows you to make a simple window that only has the necessary parameters you need to change in whatever format you need and also allows you to bring in your rules as buttons to activate the code in those rules. It can't do everything that a full on VB Form in Windows will give you, but if you're clever enough it should be enough.
Also, under the Manage > iLogic tab on your ribbon is Event Triggers. This allows rules to run automatically under certain events such as On Save or Parameter Changes.
For help with iLogic coding I recommend you head over to the Inventor Customization forum, there's plenty of expert iLogic/API users over there to help you along the way.
The code that iLogic uses is called Visual Basic, it isn't an exact correlation between the two, but the differences are easy to discern. Here's a YT playlist that I've found is the best at teaching Visual Basic from the basics like "If This Then That" to more complex stuff like looping and arrays:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLC601DEA22187BBF1
And here's a playlist from Ketiv AVA with all of their videos related to iLogic: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLetTiL10gBjH1duj0BKQObSejXfTD16Vh
You can still use iParts and iAssemblies, just use them to build up every possible combination you need in the library of individual parts and assemblies that will be used in your top level iLogic based assembly, there's simple code to swap out the occurrences in your library.
Good luck on learning this stuff, just be patient and you'll get it in time.