Creating good icons takes a lot of experience. There are people who are able to specialize just in building icons. When you look close at a lot of good icons in products you use, you'll see that they are able to fool the eye and mind so that it looks like there is much more detail than there really is. It's not really the software but the technique of the person using it.
I'm certainly not very good at creating icons but I have had some success in cases where I want the icon to display a 3D image where I model the image and then zoom out so it about 2 or 3 times larger than the final size I need. I screen copy that and then use some image processing software to scale it down. For this I can even get by with Microsoft Paint but depending on if I need to do any other editing, a more advanced image editing product is useful to have.
I do recommend screen capturing icons from products you use and then zooming in to see what's packed into those few pixels. Everybody is limited to 32x32 resolution it's just all a mater of what color you assign to each of the 1024 pixels that determines the result.