Hi, if you want to change the name of the base component in derived part you can do it, you could simply close the file and then change the name of the base component, and when you reopen the file with the base component, it will not find the reference of the base component and inventor will ask you to specify the new file path, then you will select the base component that you have renamed and the new name will be updated in your references.
You can do the same with Design Assistant by changing the name of the base component.
You could also come up with a solution through programming.
Now, if you want to change the base component to a totally different part, I think you can't do it, because they have different IDs. Here I leave you a very well explained thread about the subject in question.
https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/inventor-forum/change-path-location-of-derive-part/td-p/7529364
I hope this helps with your problem. Regards
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