If would seem your installation is having a hard time connecting consistently to the upgrade server as per the error message below. You log file seems to indicate you are possibly using a Proxy Server, if so, disable it and try again.
You said this has been happening a long time. If you version of Fusion 360 is too many versions back, you will have to reinstall it instead of trying to update. After taking care of the above problems, I would use the Fusion 360 Service Utility to reinstall.

John Hackney, Retired
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