Happy to explain.
It's called "rendering" and what it does is calculate realistic images based on visual properties in the appearance materials, and a "lighting environment", using what is called "ray tracing" to compute the path of light rays.
Sounds complicated, and while the workflow is easy, yes it's complicated to calculate such images. So there is a special workspace called Render.
Here is a 1 minute, silent movie version of how to render quick images. This is the technique I used to make my images above.
Here is the official product help page for render, with a 5 minute narration of basically the same exact thing in the product documentation. There is a lot of explanation and detail in this video. Note: the video is older, and Fusion looks a little different here, but the workspaces and commands work exactly the same.
While you are viewing the Help documentation, take a look around. Let me know if anything could use a better explanation. We are happy to add content in the Help section.
In the future, try out the help section by searching for terms using the help menu in Fusion 360. If you can't find it in help, let us know on these forum pages. The community is always glad to help someone with a question like this! 🙂

Phil Eichmiller
Software Engineer
Quality Assurance
Autodesk, Inc.