This is a tricky situation!
The culprit are the two subsequent pattern operations in the timeline.
With the first one you are patterning a component. A component pattern works similar to a copy/paste operation in that it creates an instance of a component. All patterned instances are referencing the exact same data set.
With the second operation you are patterning the body in that component. That works fine.
However, when you then create an independent copy of that component by using a the Copy/set-new command Fusion 360 stumbles.
If you first pattern the body in the component and then pattern the component, so in essence switch these two operations in the timeline, then a subsequent copy/paste-new operation does not create the same errors in the timeline.
I cannot say for sure this is a bug, but is certainly needs some explanation as to why exactly this happens.
@ryan.bales and @jeff_strater might be able to help with that.
Edit : It was late last night and I left the thread up o look at it in the morning. The folks on the west coast are 3 hours behind and I should've refreshed the thread before writing my post. Anyhow, I find I cannot consolidate Jeff's explanation with my findings.