Depending on the layout there may be some things you can do to get faster patients to not get stuck behind slower patients, but the default behavior is for travelers to take the shortest path from their origin to their destination. By default, a traveler going the same direction as another traveler in front of him will wait for the traveler in front of him to release the grid he wants to acquire next; thereby effectively slowing down to the speed of the traveler in front. If the travelers are going in opposite directions and hit head on, they will vear to the side to go around each other however.
One trick you might be able to do to get faster patients to go around slower patients is to use a divider with a barrier condition that the traveler's speed must be at least X. You'd then want to strategically place the divider across a section of the hallway that the two patients travel down. Essentially you are setting up travel lanes down your hallways that force slower patients to the outside walls and faster patients down the middle.