It depends on the type of data and APIs you are interested in. Currently there are some mixture in the ways we can access BIM 360 components by API. There are 2-legged and 3-legged access. The former does not requires user context as it is intended to be used as a company level integration like with ERP system; while the latter requires user context to access as a user. If you are using Admin API, currently Admin API only has 2-legged (except recently added GET Project Users endpoint), so no user context, or does not need to be a member. If you are using Issues, RFI, Cost, and Model Coordination, they only supports 3-legged, so the user using API will need to be a member of the project. Document Management supports both 2-legged and 3-legged.
For more info. :
https://forge.autodesk.com/developer/documentation
https://fieldofviewblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/17/bim-360-and-forge-overview/
https://fieldofviewblog.wordpress.com/forge/
Mikako Harada
Developer Technical Services