>>"but if that is the result, why have the option to begin with..."
Slow down 😉 . You came with a problem, we suggest and ask to find the problem (nothing more).
If publish in foreground works, just background publish makes trouble, we can work on it.
Please answer all questions,
turn background publishing on,
try it again.
If it is still a problem:
I guess your drawing file is corrupt, can you share your DWG (and xrefs if needed)?
Or try to fix the file yourself:
1 Copy your file as backup
2 open your file by command RECOVER
3 Start command WBLOCK, option EntireDrawing.
Open the new file and try publish again.
(I don't like to write down all possible tests, so sharing the file is the better option if wblock entire drawing doesn't solve the problem)
https://knowledge.autodesk.com/support/autocad/troubleshooting/caas/sfdcarticles/sfdcarticles/Random...
If still a problem:
In publish dialog, change the output folder to another, not shared folder.
Don' t ask, change the folder to another local folder as test.
Use c:/temp for example.
Same issue?
What is your productversion?
Command: About
to see productnames and productversion.
S.