I thought this functionality was available, but after posting this thread, apparently not.
http://forums.autodesk.com/t5/inventor-general-discussion/part-description-in-assembly-browser/m-p/5...
In our assemblies, we have part numbers and some in the department want to see descriptions in the part file name as well as the part number. I know other softwares can do this. If there was the ability to add various iproperties as tags to assembly browser components this would make parts more easily recognized. This functionality is much needed.