Hello lance kelly,
Thank you for sending your geo. It seems that you are running into a scale issue. Your model is only about a millimeter or two in size. But even at this tiny size, I was still able to sculpt, albeit not in the way you could sculpt any detail.
The test I did was to open either your Maya scene and send the model, or, just open the Mudbox scene you sent me. Then, I set the sculpt brush to what looks like a large size, and with what looks like a high strength. (the values I used were 3 for size and 3 for strength) You'll probably get a sense as to how small your object is when you see that a brush that is set to 3 for size looks really big on your model. With the sculpt brush at this size and strength, try and sculpt. You should see the model deform, this proves that Mudbox and the FBX plug-in are working correctly.
I suggest you scale your model to a more appropriate size. Maya by default is set to centimeters as it's units, and when it is sent to Mudbox as FBX, it stays in centimeters. So, if your whole model is only a couple of millimeters in size, you're asking Mudbox to sculpt things at to small a resolution.
On a last note, we always suggest you delete your construction history before you do any sculpting, that will make sure you have a properly validated mesh. I did not get any errors dealing with contraints (did you have a rig?), if you are still getting those errors after deleting history, let us know again and we can see if there is anything else to find.
Regards,
Carlos