There are no special settings, previously I would set my units in Illustrator to pixels and on import of the SVG, Fusion 360 would use the pixels as mm. So if I wanted a 100mm by 100mm shape in Fusion, I'd make a 100px by 100px shape in Illustrator, it would import into Fusion 360 at 100mm by 100mm, no special conversion or formula required, simples
After the update, not so simples.
Currently, it makes the most sense to do it the way it was done before the update because as you stated the pixel is a different length in comparison to mm on different screens, but no matter what screen 1px will always be 1px.
So if we work with pixels in Illustrator and just pretend they are millimiters we can direct export SVG drawings and import them into Fusion without having to take the time to calculate how to get them to scale properly.
At least until the developers can write some code to identify each screens scaling of pixels to mm.
In the interim I'd much rather keep pretending the pixels in Illustrator are millimeters so I don't have to bother with inaccurate conversions. Perhaps an option that can be added to the preferences that allows one to revert the SVG import to the old "1 pixel = 1 millimeter" form.
For me it would remove the complication introduced by the latest update, I use SVG import multiple times daily. The product designers I work with use Illustrator for their concepts, and I pull profiles, etc from Illustrator to convert them into 3D CAD models for 3D printing or CNC milling.
Perhaps we should also move this to its own thread, instead of hijacking the upside down SVG thread.