I have the sameproblem but only one of the CC Families are affected and only on one computer. I'm able to insert bolts and threaded fittings from all my CC-families but ISO 4017. Just a couple of days ago everything worked just fine!!
My workaround are to create the bolt on another computer, check it into the Vault and then insert it from content center on my computer. When the component exist in Vault there are no problem.
We do have CC installed at a server, and we are using Inventor Pro 2009 SP2. All files are stored in a server based Vault, and we do have a local working folder.