Sorry to resurrect this but this is the only place I've found any reference to the below info (quoted from above):
"What you need to do is to edit the layer colors in AutoCAD to the Index color value you want. Inventor will not overwrite the index color value on the layer on a save as long as the RGB value of the index color matches the RGB of the Inventor layer color. It a good idea to do this in a .dwg template and use this to create your Inventor drawings."
It seems this is no longer true with Inventor 2021.
It seems to now always overwrite layer colours with RGB True Colour, replacing the Colour Index (except for white).
I went back and checked with 2020 and it preserves colour index.
So now .ctbs don't work with 2021.
Does anyone know how to fix this on my end or if it will be fixed?